Implant Dentistry Essay Example

Implant Dentistry Essay A systematic review was performed on studies investigating current issues in implant dentistry. The Journal of Dental Research and Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology were searched from 2004 to 2010 using ScienceDirect. Criteria for inclusion included: (1) studies of implant placement; (2) observations regarding permanent dentures; (3) data considering bone-to-implant healing; and (4) results of implant procedures in elderly patients. This electronic search of the literature yielded over 2,000 abstracts. Recently published papers revealed the importance of significant bone-to-implant contact as well as positive implant surface roughness. Successful implant placement; that is to say, osseointegration, increases with the use of bone growth factors, as well as various surface treatments. The studies selected indicated that, among both patients and professionals, dental implants are often the preferred method of treatment. From replacing a single tooth to allowing the placement of full dentures, evidence-based research in implantology has led to both an ever increasing number of treatment options, and longer lasting results for dental patients. Introduction to Implant Dentistry As a profession, the practice of dentistry goes back as just as far as the practice of medicine. Dentistry itself can be thought of as a specialization of medicine – dealing primarily with the oral cavity, jaw, and neck in a manner similar to many medical specialists. The practice of implant dentistry, on t he other hand, is rather new – and is based in a tremendous amount of evidence-based research. From an outcome perspective, implantology is the most predictable of dental procedures. We will write a custom essay sample on Implant Dentistry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Implant Dentistry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Implant Dentistry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The usage of dental implants was performed in the US as early as 1950, but it was not until the 1980’s, with the discovery of the ossification potential of titanium, that implants became a staple of dental specialists. Implant technology is invaluable to the millions of baby boomers with periodontal disease or other dental problems who desire never to fumble with uncomfortable dentures or adjust to an uncomfortable bridge. It is for these reasons that Implant Dentistry has been of ever increasing importance to the dental profession. The usage of Dental Implant Systems is quite unlike many other areas of dentistry insofar as that there has been a great deal of research into all aspects of its practice. Imaging technology, materials research, and new instrumentation have streamlined the progression from diagnosis to treatment to such a great degree that outcomes are typically predictable and successful. In light of the relatively recent nature of Implant Dentistry’s appearance on the scene, its evaluation with respect to the future of the dental profession is due. Past For as long as mankind has been in existence, so too have teeth. Throughout a lifetime primary teeth emerge and are lost, by permanent dentition. Implant dentistry, the replacement of permanent dentition, finds its roots in the advances in metallurgy of the late 1800s. Gold and Platinum, as well as porcelain were all used in attempts to anchor implants to the Jawbone. Titanium, the metal around which implant dentistry is built today, was first used in the 1980s. A Swedish surgeon, Per-Ingvar Branemark discovered that titanium could anchor to bone predictably, without causing inflammation or serious rejection risks. This pioneering discovery paved the way for implant dentistry based around osseointegration. Implant systems today, revolving around the usage of titanium screws as dental implants, are based in the discoveries of Branemark. Within the past twenty years, the science behind osseointegration has been mastered to such a degree that everything from success rates to average recovery times can be known. Other relatively recent improvements, including changes in surgical techniques and advances in bone grafting have even more greatly improved the art of Implantology. Medical imagining enhancements and the development of new implant products keep the practice growing at a pace for the 21st century. The research and technology that makes implants both safer and longer-lasting exists on the open market today. Present Today, technology and discretionary spending by baby boomers are responsible for the remarkable growth of implant dentistry in the last 10 years. Baby boomers will be the richest senior-citizen generation in our history, and the implant business, like all others, is driven by the power of the dollar. While demand for implants is surging, the demand for the standard procedures or a geriatric population is not sustainable. The market will adjust and dentists today must prepare for future trends. Although possible today, it is unlikely that 10 or 15 years down the line any practice will be easily maintained revolving around implants alone. The high per-capita wealth, and relative abundance of the age group mean that business models based a round their existence will be futile ten years down the road. The next generation to be in need of dental care, those born in the late 60’s and early 70’s benefitted from better pediatric dental care. The overall incidence of periodontal disease and tooth loss should be lower, compared to that of the baby boomer generation. A long term plan for the future must be based in the short term implementation of a multitude of implant-based procedures. Therefore, implant dentistry should become a regular service in a general dentist’s office. This mainstreaming of the implant business will allow general practitioners access to individuals in need of one, two, or even three placed implants – a need which typically arises out of necessity as the result of an accident or injury. Though the overall market for implants will shrink, the core demand will not. Implants are now widely accepted by dental practitioners and patients as superior to bridgework and other procedures to replace missing teeth. As a result, the investment in new technologies and products will continue by implant companies. Today there is no other discipline that can boast the ability to replace a body part to perfection as implant dentistry. Implants are predictable, life-long replacements which, even if damaged, can be fixed with relative ease. Comparing the lifetime of a dental implant to that of a hip or knee replacement is illuminating. There is no reason why an implant might fail, but both knee and hip replacements usually last about 15 years. In the future, implant technology and bone growth factors will advance the profession even further. Research There are several realms within dentistry that are in one way or another connected to implants. Even research not directly connected to the procedures related to implantology is revealing. Older patients today experience a great increase in their overall quality of life after being exposed to the benefits of implant surgery. A transition from removable entures to implant dentures allows the elderly to eat more ‘normally’ as well as more nutritiously. New research today revolves around both materials and bone growth factors. Longitudinal research is also especially applicable to implant dentistry, as it based in the reactions of bone to foreign materials. Technology Surface treatments and nanotechnology that improve the rate of osseointergation are shaping the future. These changes are exciting but they also present a problem as new implant designs and surfaces often are clinically untested by manufacturers. Long-term research and clinical use will help make these products more predictable. It is in this way that manufacturers earn trust amongst dental professionals. General Practice Until relatively recently, primarily oral surgeons were the ones placing dental implants. It wasn’t until the late nineties that periodontists began placing implants as well. Today it is the general dentist who places, by a large margin, the majority of dental implants. Interestingly enough, the training necessary in order to perform a dental implant is rather reasonable. The American Association of Implant Dentistry believes that after 300 hours of didactic training, as well as additional clinical instruction, both general dentists and specialists should feel comfortable, and well equipped enough to place dental implants. Implantology is thus relatively accessible to all members of the dental profession. Specialists The origins of the placement of dental implants lie with the oral surgeon. A surgeon by profession, the future of advanced procedures in implant dentistry lay with the specialists. As with all of dentistry, the more challenging cases are often referred to those who specialize in a particular aspect of dental medicine. In particular, the placement of permanent dentures is unlikely to be often performed by general dentists. Requiring the placement of either four or six implants at the same time, precision is required during surgery, as is a great deal of monitoring of recovery. Although it is unlikely that specialists will be able to maintain practices built around implant dentistry, it is probable that the art of implant placement will continue to be an integral part of any advanced and pecialized practice. Future The introduction of titanium implants to those practicing implantology could be considered the development with the most gravity of the past 20 years. Titanium integrates with bone very well. Titanium implants are used in order to assure an excellent fusion of bone to the surface of the implant. Ever improving designs and the emergence of bone grafting materials have enabled dentists to treat an ever increasingly large patient pool. Many patients who are treated today would have never been considered as successful candidates for dental implants. The success rates and overall predictability of implants have allowed huge advances not only in placement, but in recovery as well. Current research in dental implants has even carried over to the medical practice of orthopedics. Implants As the placement of dental implants becomes more and more mainstream a procedure, it will be integrated into the practices of more and more general dentists. Patients will in the future be able to rely on their family dentists to perform more and more involved services and treatments. Although implants may eventually become the bread and butter of a general dentistry practice, the relative decrease in population of high-worth geriatric patients could again push patients toward more mainstream procedures. It is more likely that a general dentistry practice will gravitate toward single-tooth replacements. The unique size and financial well-being of the baby boomer generation has helped spur tremendous implant growth. Thanks to evidence-based research done primarily for this patient pool, many benefits may be afforded to another group entirely. The benefits of implants should appeal to a younger generation of professionals, ever more conscious of appearance – even defining themselves by their aesthetic characteristics. The emergence of cosmetic dentistry as an economically viable field is owed, in a large part, to this fact. Today both men and women look to plastic surgeons for a variety of procedures. The fact that appearances are important to this demographic indicates that aesthetic dentistry will greatly appeal to them, when a procedure is necessitated. Even today, part of the aesthetic makeover desired by many thirty-somethings includes veneers or implants to achieve a nearly perfect smile. The locus of oral-health and cosmetic surgery lies in the work of the Implant dentist. Functionality alone is seldom the lone motivator in the desire for partial or full-mouth implants. Many patients, adjusting from dentures, are now able to chew certain foods and thus enjoy a better quality of life thanks to dental implants, but this relatively modest improvement is often considered a side benefit to either the convenience or aesthetics of ever-present implants. Elderly patients are likely elated when they are finally rid of the bridge that never fit right or the discomfort and embarrassment it could have caused. For this reason, both dental professionals and patients must plan to approach implants as the manifestation of a discretionary spending decision. In the future, bonding, bridging, and splinting teeth will continue to exist for they are the most effective means of maintaining a low cost to functionality ratio. Implants will continue occupy a middle-ground between vanity and convenience – two excellent motivators for a patient with disposable income. It is unfortunate that even though patients today enjoyed relatively effective pediatric dental care, many still consider the entirety of oral health to be a luxury rather than a necessity. This is understandable when the work of a dentist is compared to that of a medical specialist. Cardiologists make life and death decisions, and this fact strikes a chord with patients much more than the dentist who aims to strike fear into the heart of the patient who may eventually suffer from periodontal disease. When a bone is broken, patients have no choice but to confront the issue. The same cannot be said for a tooth with a dead nerve in a state of decay. Almost everything done by general dentists, and even most specialists, is not a service performed as an essential healthcare expenditure. Dentists will continue to perform primarily noncritical care with the aim of fixing or preventing acute problems as well as providing restorative and cosmetic improvements which support the preferences of patients. The implant market today is growing due to the greatly increased success rates of implants. Patients who are told that they require a root canal have several options. The cheapest procedure is simply to have the tooth pulled. This is common amongst members of lower socioeconomic status. The standard procedure is the root canal itself. A premium procedure, likely to appeal to patients with a lifetime ahead of them, lies with the dental implant. It is a more permanent solution that is often times more successful as well. A single-tooth implant is recognized today as the best means of replacing a tooth. Gone are the days when a three-tooth bridge is considered king. Candidates for root canals today often prefer to remove the tooth and get a bridge or implant. Patients are ever-more informed of the variety of pros and cons of dental procedures thanks to information readily available on the internet. Assuming successful osseointegration, the dental implant has no possible eventual downfalls. More and more patients therefore are opting for the implant, a procedure which is more aesthetically pleasing, more effective, and more successful in the long term than any other dental procedure. A bridge, for example, requires the modification of the anterior and posterior teeth to which the bridge itself will be bonded. In the future, more and more patients will opt for implants over bridges due to a desire not to cut down healthy teeth Sole-Provider Dentistry Competition within the dental profession has driven many to invest a great deal of time and money in recruiting patients and maintaining positive patient-provider rapport. In order to serve more and more patients, dentists today must market themselves as providers. Accepting patients’ dental insurance plans is another means of establishing or maintaining relations. The trend in the past was for general dentists to perform fillings, root canals, and bridges. Today this is changing, and the future of dentistry will lay with the effective integration of a wide range of services into a general practice, rather than simply writing a referral to a specialist. With dentistry in particular, patients prefer to stay with the dentist with whom they grew up. For this reason, a provider capable of performing a multitude of novel procedures benefits patients with easier access to care, as well as benefits directly, thanks to the ability to perform more complicated and more profitable procedures more often. In order for this transition to be possible, dental implant companies today often offer courses and training in order to familiarize general dentists with these novel procedures. Simple exposure shows that patients today have more options than ever before. That being said, in order to actually perform implants, a great deal of continuing education is required. As dental education changes, allowing young graduates to focus on what once used to be only specialty training while still in dental school, many graduating dental tudents will be able to offer more than dentists from even ten years ago. This increased earnings potential helps keep dentistry an ever-changing profession. For those who studied implant dentistry early, the immediate future looks quite good. Improving technology may soon outpace what is needed by a dental professional. Digital imaging for example, although useful to dental professionals when compared to radiographs, may not be incredibly valuable to the public. Pro cedures performed today can be done without the luxury of digital imaging. In convincing a patient to opt for a dental implant, this is where digital imaging has been instrumental. Computer-manipulated images, highlighting, and likely scaring, patients regarding issues in oral health, is not always beneficial to the patient. Instead of building up the luxury aspect of the experience of getting an implant, a better option lies in aiming to keep the overall cost to perform an implant low – patients could greatly benefit from an implant at the cost of a three-unit bridge. Technology drives up the price difference between procedures, and in order for implants to remain a common procedure, they must be in demand by patients. The price difference, driven by the integration of technology, pushes patients on the fence about implants toward opting for bridges or root canals. It is for all of these reasons that the future of implant procedures will be performed in the general dentist’s practice. Following all other dental procedures, the difficult cases will continue to be referred to specialists, but for patients needing single-tooth replacement, the prospect of the procedure being performed by a family dentist grants the possibility of greater outcomes to the ongoing oral care of the patient. Implants are at the core of the future of dentistry. The economics of the procedures will change as it becomes more commonly available, but their usefulness will continue as the most effective long term solution to many problems in oral health.

Red Wolves essays

Red Wolves essays Until recently red wolves had become virtually extinct. Until almost 100 years ago red wolves had roamed from the central U.S. all the way up to New England and down as far as Florida. By the time that scientists realized that there was a major problem with the red wolves they were almost extinct. The red wolf is the first effort to restore a predator in the wild after it was officially declared extinct in the wild, said Bud Fazio, team leader of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Red Wolf Recovery Program. Not very much was ever known about the actual population numbers of the red wolf in the past, but it is believed that the numbers started to drastically fall when the Europeans started to settle heavily from Texas east. Eventually hunting and trapping took its toll before the reproduction process could catch up. Records show that in the late 1700s North Carolinas courts would pay bounties for the red wolves, and by 1970 the red wolf population had nose-dived near extinction, leaving one hundred estimated wolves dwelling a small area in Texas. Since conservationists and the Fish and Wildlife Service took action a little over 15 years ago the red wolf population is on the rise. Through a captive breeding program on two islands (Bulls Island, S.C. and St. Vincents Island, Fl.) the predators are now off the endangered species list, and about 100 roam free here in North Carolina. Scientists have been able to closely monitor this through radio collars and field scientists. The problem that arose from introducing the wolves back into the wilderness was two fold. Not only was there a problem with some citizens who disapproved of the reentrance of the wolves, coyotes were starting to cross breed with them. Since those problems were identified The Fish and Wildlife Service have been rounding up the hybrid wolves and coyotes to have them sterilized before reentrance in to the wild, as for the ci...

Environmental Science IP 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Science IP 1 - Essay Example One of the classical examples of this type of the ecosystem is the Amazon basin of South America. It has four distinctive layers; firstly it has forest floor. This is the bottom strata or layer that is highly obscured from receiving sunlight. Only plants that are adapted to low temperatures can survive here. Besides the layer of plants, it has a decaying plant and animal matter. Notably, the rate of decaying is high because of the humid and warm conditions. The second layer is made up of understory layer; this is found between the forest floor and canopy layers. Small animals and birds find suitable habitat within it because it consists of shade-tolerant shrubs, large woody vines, and herbs. Up to 5% of the sunlight reaches this zone (Lewis, 2009). Canopy layer makes the primary area of this ecosystem. It has largest trees of 35-45 meters high which are broad-leafed and dominant. It has the highly dense flora including the epiphytes, bromeliads, mosses and lichen. Most of these epiphytic plants are attached to the branches and trunks of trees.it has diverse fauna, then the emergent layer. Besides the majority of avian species including the spider monkey, hornbill, African parrot among others are found within this layer. Lastly, the emergent layer forms the last part of this ecosystem. Unlike the canopy, this region is made up of a small number of huge trees that reaches above 45-55 meters. Hence, this part rise just above the canopy layer. Tropical rainforest is often dynamic, their structure keeping changing. Like other ecosystems, both biotic and abiotic factors affects its existence. Biotic factors include organism that ensures decomposition of the animal and plants. These fungi, bacteria, and other microscopic organisms help to provide balanced carbon cycle. Also, autotrophs and consumers such as heterotrophs such as antelope and gazelles feed on plants and herbs and thus their lives are dependent on producers. Abiotic

Tracing Genetic Ancestry in Humans Research Paper

Tracing Genetic Ancestry in Humans - Research Paper Example Before the advent of molecular technology, ancestral lineage is based on the recollection of and stories passed by the oldest living family member to the younger family members. People born from the same continent also have some attachment, as it seems logical to think they could have come from the same ancestors because of the proximity of their parents with one another. Now, DNA analysis becomes a way of objectively verifying those theories. By comparing the nucleotide sequences of samples against a sequence database from more than 75, 000 indigenous and traditional populations from all over the world, (Biological and Environmental Research Information System, 2010), DNA sequence unique to people from a certain continent, country, town, village or family may be identified (Rotimi, 2003). These populations are each composed of people living within a particular region for several generations and maintaining the same culture (Biological and Environmental Research Information System, 2 010). Anyone who would like to determine his or her group of origin can thus look for these unique sequences in his or her own genome. An example of a population seeking to define their ancestral origin and the populations that have the same ancestors is African-Americans. Certainly, the parallelism in their experiences with slavery and obvious similarities in appearance motivate the effort of linking African-Americans with modern-day Africans. The results of many DNA studies suggest that the common female (140, 000 years old) and male (60, 000 years old) ancestors of modern humans are from Africa. Migration started 65, 000 years ago, when they populated southern Asia, China, Java and Europe (Biological and Environmental Research Information System, 2010). Such movement has caused a modern human population, such as African-American, to be genetically-diverse. For example, African-Americans can have a European Y-chromosome because of the historical admixture of African farming employ ees to European plantation owners (www.rootsforreal.com). As well, in a study of scientists from the University of Pennsylvania and Cornell University analyzing the genetic make-up of 365 African-Americans, 203 people from 12 West African populations, and 400 Europeans from 42 countries, it was found that African-Americans had as little as 1% and as much as 99% West African ancestry. The genetic sequences implicating West African origin was also found to be similar to those of Igbo and Yoruba from Nigeria and Bantu-speaking populations in Western Africa. In addition, their median proportion of European ancestry is 18.5%. Specifically, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) origin (mothers) were mostly African, while the Y chromosome (fathers) were African or European (http://www.physorg.com/news180632039.html, 2010). Which tools can be used to determine such ancestral connections? Let us start with the most superficial. If an individual would like to verify connections between him or her and an alleged relative, he or she can request for a DNA fingerprinting test. Using certain sequences at 16 chromosomes, the possibility of a blood relationship is calculated (www.rootsforreal.com). As mentioned earlier, matching mtDNA and/or Y-chromosome with the database of samples from different populations can be done to determine ancestral roots. These

Fast Food Nation Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Nation Essay The idea of â€Å"fast food† has been around since before the 1920s. However, the real emergence of the industry was not until the late 1940s following the Second World War. Military based towns were desolate during the war. Once the war was over, there were many more mouths to feed and more places to put restaurant franchises. This coupled with the passing of Eisenhower’s Interstate Highway Act and the sheer drive of fast food pioneers allowed franchising to be very successful. People were able to take their new cars on the highway and take convenient off-ramps to â€Å"speedee service† restaurants (Schlosser, 20). Ray Kroc, founder of the McDonald’s corporation, has created a revolutionary franchise that has become a household name all over the world. There are many theories on how this and other fast food corporations reached such success. One of the major reasons is the strategic segmentation of the human race; groups of people have been targeted as prime consumers of fast food. To consume, by definition, is to purchase goods for one’s own desires. The fast food industry has become just that, a desire to people of all statuses in society. In Eric Schlosser’s Fast Food Nation, the impact that the fast food industry has on children, parents and the foreign population as consumers is arguably detrimental in its use for economic success. The fast food industry targets many demographic groups in our society. Children are subjected to the billion dollar advertising campaigns that fast food restaurants create. Kids are enticed to purchase fast food before they can even earn money. This is where the industry makes their killing; by advertising to young children, parents are pressured to buy goods from the fast food restaurants. It’s not just getting kids to whine. It’s about giving them a specific reason to ask for the product† (Schlosser, 43). Although it is not the children specifically giving the cashier money for products, they have the tremendous power of leverage with their parents. Starting with a broad look: the restaurants themselves often times have a play area for children, McDonald’s being most notable for this. They create characters, such as Ronald McDonald and friends, to make kids feel like they are in a fun house or that the restaurant truly cares about each child. Taco bell’s chihuahua was a â€Å"cute† puppy for kids to love as well (Schlosser, 43). Kid’s meals in most fast food places are served with toys to play with. Fast food corporations began the process of synergy; they were signing with other major businesses to put popular toys in their meals. For example, Wendy’s signed with NCAA for action figures, McDonald’s signed with Ty for Beanie Babies and Pokemon cards (Schlosser, 47). When children found competition with other children to â€Å"get the next toy first,† there was a reason to come back to that restaurant. Even the color scheme on the packaging the meals come in is bright and exciting. Why would any child say no? The parents of these children and teens are also affected by the fast food industry. As previously mentioned, children pressure their parents to buy goods from fast food chains. Parents consume these goods for themselves but also represent their children, which makes up an entirely different consumer group. Fast food caters to those parents who are short on time, money or both. Parents who work long or unusual hours can count on a nearby fast food restaurant being open at all hours. Even when families are constantly on the move, a drive-thru is a quick and easier way to eat than making a meal at home or sitting down in a restaurant. In addition, parents who struggle with every penny they have can buy their family meals for a fraction of alternative options. McDonald’s company historian says, â€Å"Working-class families could now afford to feed their kids restaurant food† (Schlosser, 20). Parents want to give their children the best; being financially able to take them to restaurants is a value that could now easily be attained with the emergence of the fast-food industry. Fast food chains have expanded beyond American borders for potential growth. McDonalds alone has over seventeen thousand restaurants in over 120 countries globally. That number does not include KFC, Pizza Hut, Burger King or Domino’s Pizza. They all receive a majority of their profit through overseas markets. Fast food chains symbolize Western economies and therefore, seen as the channel to economic prosperity in countries that are struggling (Schlosser, 229). Natives of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and countless other nations literally lined up for hours outside of brand new fast food franchises to purchase American food (Schlosser, 230). The billionaire responsible for bringing McDonald’s to Japan went as far as saying that eating their hamburgers would make them white, blonde and taller in stature (Schlosser, 231). The campaign to Americanize the world is more overwhelming now with people in every corner of the globe spending their money on American fast food. The saying â€Å"you are what you eat† is heavily campaigned outside of the United States. People are consuming KFC, Burger King, Pizza Hut and McDonald’s food in hopes to become more like Americans. After reading Fast Food Nation and analyzing this specific aspect of the fast food industry, I am able to form my own opinion. My first and foremost reaction to all of this is about health issues. There is a huge problem with feeding children food that is lacking in the nutrients necessary to grow and reach their highest potential in the future. Parents are feeding their children fast food but what were they [parents] fed as children? There was a lot more emphasis on home-cooked meals and the family sitting down for dinner every night back when today’s parents were growing up. Children are drinking sodas, eating processed hamburgers and other greasy foods without any previous knowledge to make that decision. They are not taught about nutrition and what they are really putting in their bodies before nagging their parents to get the latest toy in a happy meal, as an example. The most important years in a person’s life should be sustained with the best nutrients possible. I know that personally, my mother cooked a majority of my meals growing up and having fast food was a treat. Now I can make educated decisions on what foods to consume. I think that anything in moderation is acceptable; it is the families that get a different fast food meal four or five times a week that concern me. Along the same lines, parents are not setting the right examples for their children when they stop at the local drive-thru to grab dinner. There must be a balance between stimulating economies and sustaining healthy lives of all ages. In Fast Food Nation, Eric Schlosser describes children, parents and people living outside of American borders as targeted consumers by the fast-food industry. Kids are subjected to advertisements and several other ploys so that they will coerce their parents to buy them products from fast-food restaurants. Because they are such a large influence on the consumption of fast food, they are directly targeted as consumers. The parents are affected both indirectly and directly as consumers; they consume fast food for themselves and their children. Fast-food chains have made it convenient for parents who work atypical hours and those who cannot afford other meal options. With the success of the fast-food industry in America, corporations have moved their efforts to international patrons. Fast food has become a major symbol of Western living and is highly desirable to many foreign nations. The consumers’ love of fast food proves economic success, but does it show success in other aspects of human life? People have become so accustomed to purchasing fast-food meals that the entire standard of nutrition and healthy living has gone down; we truly are a fast food nation.

Disillusionment in Europe During the years 1914-1918 :: essays research papers

Analyze the spirit of promise that gave way to disillusionment in Europe during the years 1914-1918.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Prior to the devastation of the first World War, a spirit of optimism and enthusiasm engulfed the minds of citizens across Europe. Relating the potential outcome of another war to the short, decisive, progressive wars in the nineteenth century, Europeans greeted the opportunity for war as a tool to cleanse the current ailments of Europe. The people, blinded by an overwhelming belief in progress and a developing sense of nationalism, failed to foresee that they were heading for disaster. World War I emanated from European leaders' aggression toward other countries, which was supported by the rising nationalism. Economic and imperial competition and fear of war prompted military alliances and an arms race, which further escalated the tension contributing to the outbreak of a war greatly exceeding the lethality of European expectation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A spirit of nationalism rang high in the atmosphere pre-world war Europe. Many were engrossed by potential benefits war could bring to their lives. Nationalism, however, was not a new idea; at the settlement of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the principle of nationalism was ignored in favor of preserving the peace. Despite the settlement, the principle was rejuvenated by the onset of the World War. The ardent nationalists fussed in masses to champion the need for war. â€Å"Patriotic demonstrations had an intoxicating effect and excited the war-mongers to excess...† (Phillip Schneidemanan). Under false aspirations and expectations the naive soldiers marched off to war, unexpectant of the tragedies they would encounter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In only a few short months, the soldiers realized how false their assumptions were. Nationalism presented itself as a misleading concept rendering the soldiers to a rude awakening. â€Å"Oh, God how those men looked, as they came nearer-- those utterly immobile faces under their steel helmets...† The illusion brought about by nationalist ideals encouraged war, and under false pretenses delivered the devastation of the war as a shock exceeding all expectations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The power of alliances also played a key role in the creation and devastation of World War I. Dating back to the time of Bismarck, most alliances formed for the sake of reassurance or to postpone the outbreak of a war. But as time passed, alliances greatly increased international tension by dividing Europe into two armed camps. â€Å"I felt strongly that England ought to remain neutral, and I collected the signatures of a large number of professors and fellows to a statement.

Rock “N” Rap

Homework 12 Rock ‘n’ Rap Gabriel Gonzalez Block: 4 It costs the company an average of $15,000 to produce a rock CD and an average of $12,000 to produce a rap CD. Also, it takes about 18 hours to produce a rock CD and about 25 hours to produce a rap CD. The company can afford to spend up to $150,000 on production next month. Also, the company will spend at least 175 hours on production. The company earns $20,000 in profit on each rock CD it produces and $30,000 in profit on each rap CD it produces. But the company recently promised its distributor that it would not release more rap music than rock. The company needs to decide how many of each type of CD to make. Note: It can make a fraction of a CD next month and finish it the next month after. Graph the feasible region. X- # of Rock CD’s; Y- # of Rap CD’s *Available Money: X15+Y12*175 18(0)+25y=175†¦. 25y=175†¦175/25=7=y, x=0 18x+25(0)=175†¦. 18x=175†¦175/18=9. 7=x, y=0 *X>*Y†¦(More Rock CD’s must be made than Rap CD’s) X=0, y0 a. Find at least three combinations of rock and rap CDs that would give the company a profit of $120,000, and mark these points in one color on your graph. The combinations do not have to be in the feasible region. ) Profit=x20,000+y30,000 x=6, y=0 x=0, y=4 x=3, y=2 b. In a different color, mark points on your graph that will earn $240,000 in profits. x=12, y=0 x=0, y=8 x=9, y=2 x=3, y=6 x=6, y=4 Find out how many CDs the company should make of each type next month to maximize its profit. It should make 5 and five ninths of each CD to maximize profit. I know this because this is the highest point in the feasible region. Explain how you found an answer to Question 3 and why you think your answer gives the maximum profit. I know this because this is the highest point in the feasible region. I it’s hard to tell exactly just by graphing so the problem must be solved algebraically. I know that the lines â€Å"x=y† and â€Å"15,000x+12,000y-150,000† intersect at the highest point of the feasible region. Because x is equal to y, both coordinates must be the same. I inserted 3 different coordinates for both x and y and got that the coordinates (5. 6,5. 6) will give me the greatest profit that is closest to 150,000. A Rock ‘n’ Rap Variation Suppose the conditions were the same as in homework 12 except that the profits were reversed. In other words, suppose the company made $30,000 profit on each rock CD and $20,000 profit on each rap CD. Profit: 30,000x+20,000y Would this change your advice to the company about how many CDs of each type to produce to maximize its profit? If so, how many of each type should the company make, and what would be the profit? Explain your answer. My answer would stay the same because x will still be equal to y, and the money available to spend won’t change. Since these are the only two lines that are taken into account, my advice would stay constant.